Babylonian may refer to:
Babylon, a Semitic Akkadian city/state of ancient Mesopotamia founded in 1894 BC Babylonia, an ancient Akkadian-speaking Semitic nation-state and cultural region based in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) Babylonian language, a dialect of the Akkadian language
See also Babylonia (disambiguation) Babylonian astronomy Babylonian calendar Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile, a period in Jewish history Babylonian Jews, Jews of the area of modern-day Iraq and north Syria Babylonian literature Babylonian mathematics, also known as Assyro-Babylonian mathematics Babylonian religion First Babylonian dynasty, the first dynasty of Babylonia Neo-Babylonian Empire (626–539 BC)